3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project

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1. Cellular Standards (2G/3G/LTE/LTE-Advanced/5G-NR)

  • Overview of cellular network generations and their evolution from basic voice services to advanced data-driven networks.

2. 2G (GSM) and EDGE Technology

  • GSM: Introduction of digital voice services.
  • EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution): Enhancement of GSM, providing basic data services (sometimes referred to as "2.5G").

3. 3G (UMTS) and WCDMA Technology

  • UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System): Introduction of mobile broadband.
  • WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access): The radio access technology used in 3G networks, enabling multiple users to share the same frequency band.

4. HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access) Technology

  • Enhancement of WCDMA, providing higher data speeds with HSDPA (Downlink) and HSUPA (Uplink).

5. LTE (4G) Technology

  • LTE Overview: Introduction of high-speed, all-IP networks, improving on the data rates and latency offered by 3G.
  • LTE-Advanced: Enhancements such as carrier aggregation for greater data rates and efficiency.

6. LTE Technology - Protocol Layers

  • L2 Protocol Layer: Includes MAC, RLC, and PDCP, which manage data transfer reliability and flow.
  • L3 Protocol Layer: The network layer, containing RRC for signaling and connection management.
  • RRC (Radio Resource Control) Protocol Layer: Manages radio resources and signaling between UE and eNodeB.
  • RRM (Radio Resource Management) Protocol Layer: Optimizes resource usage for efficient network performance, including power control and interference management.

7. LTE Technology - Data and Control Plane

  • Data Plane: Responsible for carrying user data, managed by protocols like PDCP, RLC, and MAC.
  • Control Plane: Carries signaling messages for session management, mobility, and authentication.

8. LTE Technology - Stack Algorithms

  • Includes key algorithms like scheduling, HARQ, power control, and CQI feedback to optimize resource allocation, reliability, and network efficiency.

9. EPC (Evolved Packet Core) Technology

  • Core network for LTE, handling IP-based traffic, quality of service, and mobility. Key elements include MME, SGW, and PGW.

10. Carrier Aggregation

  • Feature of LTE-Advanced allowing multiple frequency bands to be combined, increasing data throughput and capacity.

11. 5G NR (New Radio) Technology

  • Introduction of a flexible radio interface designed to support high data rates, low latency, and massive device connectivity for diverse applications.

12. NG-CN (Next Generation Core Network) Technology

  • The core network architecture for 5G, offering advanced features like network slicing and modularity to cater to various 5G use cases.

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